Technology and Urbanization

Question: Compose an article on Technology and Urbanization. Answer: The fast and speedy development of industrialization and innovations has incredibly influenced the change of urban territories and the way of life of people living in urban areas. In the modules gave, the course executive named Lewis clarifies significant and intriguing key thoughts that give significant and vital data about the relationship which exists between the innovation and urbanization. Along these lines, in Module No 1, Lewis had featured to have a decent comprehension of the hypothetical points of view of innovation and urbanization and has clarified mechanical determinism, SCOT, Dystopianism and Utopianism. Along these lines, Lewis contends that the way where an individual appointed authorities the general public and the network wherein he lives can be of four unique sorts. The primary point of view which an individual could have is to consider that innovation is the advancement which has legitimately affected urbanization. The second discerning which an individual could h ave is to consider innovation as a social activity which structures urbanization or one which shows that all advances procedure are an answer or a cure of crude issues and issues in urban regions or an individual could have a totally industrialist mentality concerning innovation and urbanization. In any case, the recognition which I consider to be most appropriate is Dystopianism. Lewis in his Module 1 has expressed that in the cutting edge period, mechanical development are not any more considered as a factor which has achieved urban change. Moreover, innovation is not any more viewed as a creative arrangement or a solution for crude issues looked by urban man. Notwithstanding, in the cutting edge period, the essential object of innovation or its development is simply to bring in cash and an industrialist see is embraced towards innovation and urbanization. As I would like to think, the tragic perspective on Lewis is extremely reasonable and genuine and I totally consent to the said see. In the Module No. 1 when Lewis depicts urban areas, he plainly makes reference to that a similitude between all urban communities is that they take an interest in numerous financial exercises (Fulekar, 2012). Consequently, I unequivocally accept that this discernment by Lewis on innovation i s genuine and my motivation to accept the equivalent is on the grounds that it has been extremely apparent before. It is clear throughout the entire existence of numerous urban zones which have invited mechanical changes because of the organizations and business enterprises in their region, which earned immense benefits after mechanical developments and changes. It is apparent that business is the main impetus and the essential explanation behind extension, and in this way, cash is the main goal and the asset which helps in misusing regular assets that in the long run make new and inventive advances or improve the current innovations (Chourabi et al., 2012). In Module 2, Lewis examines about modern upheaval which was a consequence of numerous mechanical changes and developments. Mechanical Revolution was a long procedure which got changes old strategies for exchange and made new assembling units. Lewis expressed that development of people from their homes in look for work had begun the procedure of mechanical transformation which inevitably brought about urbanization. The development of people to places which had ventures brought forth urban areas which were called urban territories and procedure of urbanization was started. Along these lines, the modern upset was an aftereffect of this urbanization procedure to start (Wang, Zhuang Hong, 2012). Nonetheless, Lewis express that the said procedure of industrialization didn't occur over night and was a consequence of arrangement of mechanical changes and advancements which assumed control over a time of numerous years. In any case, in Module 2, Lewis calls attention to three imperative mechanical advancements or components which came about into modern insurgency. These three components or advancements were undressed to be force, correspondence and transportation. As I would see it, I emphatically accept that the previously mentioned advancements were the explanation of crucial change and improvement in modern insurgency. I totally concur with Lewiss assessment that mechanical advancements in force, correspondence and transport changed the manner in which exchange was led (Kumar Kober, 2012). It is apparent in history that at first creature power were utilized in agribusiness and other exchange related exercises which was before long supplanted by wind and water which in the long run was changed with the advancement of steam power by the utilization of consuming coal. I unequivocally accept that the development of steam with consuming coal expanded numerous enterprises and brought about development of people making urbanization (Davis, 2011). Also, correspondence brought about expanding exchange relations between enterprises from various states and inevitably various nations as significant distance correspondence became conceivable in a flash with the development of phone. I firmly accept that businesses faced the challenge to manage various merchants across states and fringes simply after the advancement of telephone as it gave them security limit the danger of misfortune. In the end, with the development of trains and vehicles, which at first utilized steam by consuming coal, the mechanical transformation went to the following level making greater development of people which made the idea of urban communities and urbanization (Yang et al., 2012). In Module 3, Lewis has set out significant and essential focuses which express the results of mechanical transformation. The essential and most obvious consequence of mechanical upheaval was the procedure of urbanization. In the Module 3, Lewis portrays how urbanization occurred shaping the urban communities in which numerous people live today. Lewis expresses that the same number of people began heading out to urban territories for working in businesses, a move of populace brought about swarming the urban regions and as an answer the sky scrapper was made (Dhakal, 2010). An exceptionally tall multistory structure is known as a sky scrapper which is found in many urban communities in the current occasions, be that as it may, the idea was made to settle the moving masses to urban areas. Be that as it may, the mechanical advancement assumed a significant job in working of high rises and obviously the center component to fabricated it which was steel. I totally concur with Lewis that th e plan to constructed sky scrapper was an incredible development as the urban areas were getting bigger and with the advancement of correspondence and transport, the communication between people living endlessly was getting simpler. In this manner, I firmly accept the high rise was worked for an incredible explanation, notwithstanding, I unequivocally bolster that steel and innovation underway of steel at lower process has helped a ton in accomplishing numerous objectives of urbanization like high rises, flyovers, spans and by pass streets. Accordingly, the advancement of high rise was conceivable in light of the fact that innovation had made conceivable to utilize steel in high rise which invigorated it enough and adaptability in any event, when the floor zone involved was ostensible. Be that as it may, with a tall structure which was multistory, another advancement was apparent to utilize the last highest levels of the high rise which was a lift Florida, Mellander Stolarick, 2010) . This is clear that in a structure of 20 stories, utilizing flight of stairs is silly, along these lines, the lift was presented which was again a development that helped modern upheaval just as urbanization (Shackel, 2011). Along these lines, I unequivocally accept that mechanical developments and changed realized a progression of changes in the urban zones and made an existence where nothing appears to be incomprehensible. I unequivocally accept that the advancement of one innovation was the wellspring of another development which at last achieved numerous positive and supportive changes that we directly see in the cutting edge times. The advancement of steel and its creation or preparing made high rises, lifts and assisted with taking urbanization to the extremely next level (Hoornweg, Sugar Gomez, 2011). After the presentation of high rise, in Module No. 4, Lewis talks about the idea of current city and the most completely arranged network by Levittown. In the Module No. 4, Lewis has attempted to talk about focuses that feature the results of development in innovation and the procedure that occurred to from the urban areas where we live today. Lewis expressed that with the development in innovation over a time of numerous years made thickly populated multifunctional business focuses called as focal business areas (otherwise called CBDs) in the cutting edge urban communities. In this manner, the developments in innovation got uncommon changes how an individual lived, worked, imparted and went inside the focal business regions and furthermore outside the city territories (Shou-wei Zhong-bao, 2010). Consequently, Lewis expresses that the idea of rural spread was presented as aftereffect of modern upset alongside urbanization. Rural spread is characterized to mean an extension of populac e moving endlessly from the focal city regions into regions which have lesser thickness and are assessable via vehicles called as vehicle subordinate networks. The whole procedure of rural spread is under the idea of suburbanization which alludes to make a rural which is not quite the same as the focal business regions in a city. As I would see it, having a network separate from the principle territory is reasonable and I absolutely concur with the idea of suburbanization (Dybbroe, Dahl Mller-Wille, 2010). The vast majority of the occasions, the territory about the focal business regions are over the top expensive to live in or lease, in this way the people who show up in the city searching for occupations and openings as a rule favor the territories which are somewhat particular from primary business community regions as these zones are less expensive notwithstanding, not far enough to not have the option to travel consistently. Along these lines, I emphatically accept that with de velopment in urbanization, the procedure of suburbanization is essential to make sensible homes for people who come to urban zones to work and to construct

Nutrition Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustenance Case Study - Assignment Example From the table above, it very well may be inferred that sugars admission by HB is above healthful prerequisites and she needs to decrease the measure of admissions. What's more, the measure of protein admission is sufficiently only to achieve nourishing requirements while the measure of fats admissions is likewise higher than the wholesome needs and ought to be decreased. c. Regardless of the utilization of groceries that outcome into achievement of high worth supplements, there are sure nourishments that are not given in this way it won't be anything but difficult to get certain supplements. The primary supplement that is absent from the food blend is corn floor that is wealthy in calcium. Hence it won't be conceivable to get calcium from the food blend. b. The most significant realities that should be thought about this medication is that the client needs to keep the glucose from getting excessively low, that are probably going to result into a condition called hypoglycemia. Moreover, individuals should know about indications of glucose, for example, expanded thirst, loss of hunger, expanded pee and retching or queasiness. c. This medicine is taken in the specific manner by which it was recommended. It is for the most part utilized as an infusion under the skin. The details for use are typically given by the specialist or drug specialist with respect to where infusion ought to be finished. d. There are sure moves that are made if there should arise an occurrence of under-portion or overdose. So as to maintain a strategic distance from a missed portion, guarantee that the client eats the perfect measures of dinners inside 30 to an hour of the portion. On the off chance that the client overdoses, it is important to guarantee the client looks for the correct clinical consideration since a lot of this medication can cause perilous hypoglycemia. The side effects of this condition incorporate shortcomings, obscured vision, perspiring and seizures. f. This medication doesn't have any immediate effects on supplements in that are devoured by the client.

An Analysis of Fairies as a Literary Device In Medieval Folklore Essay

An Analysis of Fairies as a Literary Device In Medieval Folklore - Essay Example Various holy people occasions (that happened to harmonize with more established occasions) help to facilitate the layman's change from agnostic convictions into a progressively Christian perspective on the world. These convictions in the old enchantment advanced into artistic gadgets when joined into society stories, every now and again used to either compare the new and old convictions, to recognize the two, to either accommodate them or to show the predominance of the new religion, as Christianity before long got ubiquitous in medieval life. These Christian components came to be displayed retroactively through sentimental stories of gallantry, for what was previously an ethos of might makes right before long were thought to represent such Christian morals as the strong safeguarding the frail, or the utilization of kindness. The veneration of the Virgin Mary formed into a respect everything being equal and the idea of dignified love. Be that as it may, these examples spread graduall y. To inspect these components in a transformative, if not actually sequential, orderone can concentrate on such models as the lais Bisclavret and Yonic by Marie de France and the J. R. R. Tolkien interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Sir Orfeo. Marie de France's lais Bisclavret, or The Werewolf, moves toward the idea of enchantment through the title character's scourge of changing into a werewolf. A short synopsis of the plot depicts Bisclavaret's revile, his better half finding it, and afterward her ensuing selling out of her significant other for another man which results in Bisclavret being caught in wolf structure. As a wolf, he in the end wins the regard of the lord, who permits the wolf to remain at the stronghold. The wolf is polite until he meets is deceivers, so, all in all his hostility is extraordinary to the point that the court reviews the lady's lost spouse. She admits, Bisclavret is reestablished and the couple are banished. With regards to this story, the creator holds no understood doubt of enchantment: it is seen as a condition pre-dating the appearance of Christianity (resembling shades of malice of human instinct), and keeping in mind that it demonstrates a reviled bother, it not the slightest bit forbid s Bisclavret from acting honorably while in wolf structure: He's never contacted anybody,/or indicated any evil,/but to this woman.1 The plot rather centers around Christian admonishing, for example the shades of malice of the spouse and knight's selling out of their ruler (accordingly breaking the heavenly contract of marriage, as wel as the knight's renouncing of fealty to his master) , and their resulting discipline. The proviso gave by enchantment really gives a more good reprisal than insignificant Christian heart would permit, for the Church would without a doubt advance the idea of benevolence, pardoning and mercy. The couple are permitted this to a degree, as they are just banished with no other profession of discipline. Be that as it may, enchantment permits an all the more telling reprisal: when the wolf assaulted the lady, he bit off her nose. Not exclusively is she nose-less for an incredible remainder, however a few of her girls were additionally conceived without noses , therefore proceeding with the medieval convention of an imperfect character uncovering itself in physical deformity. While Bisclavret's condition demonstrates the methods for his possible vengeance, the dad of the title character Yonec utilizes mysterious change for various reasons and with various outcomes. This

Community Meeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Network Meeting - Essay Example The young gathering holds its gatherings each Sunday evening, as per Bob. To begin the gathering, they draw in themselves in exercises, for example, banner football, ball, soccer, and Frisbee. Such recess exercises empower the new gathering individuals to blend effectively with the ‘old guard.’ The individuals from the gathering are drawn from different neighborhoods and they go in age from 10-16 years. Such neighborhoods incorporate Germantown, Manayunk, Lafayette Hill, and Mt. Vaporous. After they have known one another, the gathering individuals assemble in the congregation storm cellar for declarations. These were finished by Bob. He likewise acquainted new individuals with the gathering, and furthermore drove everybody in a gathering melody which is gone before by bunch love and supplication. The individuals were then isolated into two gatherings by the associate youth bunch pioneer. They were isolated into center school and secondary school. They had tidbits, which were given by the area, after which they set out for a conversation about contemporary world occasions and issues. The secondary school understudies examined the Bombings in Boston. Weave reported that courses of action were in progress for the congregation to make a mid year trip. The service youth bunch had been opened for an outing to Central, PA, where a Christian stone celebration would have been held. The celebration was named ‘Creation.’ It was disclosed to the gatherings, by Bob, that the celebration would resemble Woodstock, in spite of the fact that with day by day speakers and all the melodies being Christian awesome music. The congregation, as it was declared, would support two vehicle washing occasions, one to be held in May and the other in June, in an offer to raise sufficient accounts to finance the outings in order to decrease the sum that every one of the individuals should contribute.

Animal adaption report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creature adaption report - Essay Example For example, a sunflower’s natural specialty is retention of water, lights, and supplements. Offering food to certain life forms and discharging oxygen in the air (Daily, 2014). A basic adjustment is characterized as the physical qualities that a life form creates so as to make due in a specific situation. The video shows a sort of reptile that has grown sharp teeth to get a handle on dangerous kelp. The created teeth is a case of adjustment that gives the reptile better probability of acquiring food therefore getting by in the specific living space. They have additionally built up a level nose that encourages them brush. Physiological adjustments represents the manner in which a life form alters or directs substantially works because of a circumstance or its condition. A model from the video is the oxygen conveying limit that the iguana reptile has created to empower it plunge for up an hour to get ocean growth. The capacity to plunge profound empowers the iguana reptile to jump further along these lines discovering food. A case of conduct adjustment from the video is the relocation of feathered creatures (gooney bird). Gooney bird move in light of their mating senses. The social adjustment that gooney bird has produced for mating permits their populace to assemble in one spot and at a particular time and guarantees their progressing proliferation. In the previous occasions, cheetahs were pervasive and basic in different districts of the pre medieval world. Be that as it may, these days, they are worn in explicit pieces of the world for the most part in sub-Saharan Africa, act out and isolated North African locales, just as Iranian and Pakistani enclaves. The biggest Cheetah population’s fixation is in Namibia, Southwest Africa. This spot is hence well known as the place that is known for cheetahs. The cheetah’s diet incorporates well evolved creatures going from little to medium size, which are lighter than 40kg. A portion of these are impala, gazelles, and wildebeest calves. Other prey

Live from MYSTERY HUNT

Live from MYSTERY HUNT Now blogging live from Mystery Hunt: FRIDAY [12:17 PM] Meet in Lobby 7 to begin the hunt [12:48 PM] Now in Baker starting to solve the puzzles. If you want to join us: Come to Baker 6th floor for live action. Join us digitally at: Go to: http://headquarters.mit.edu Username: toomuchclue Password: baker362 [1:04 PM] FIRST PUZZLE SOLVED AT 1:05 PM. Solved by Brian, Bryan, Yonas, Matt. [4:45 PM] FIVE PUZZLES SOLVED THUS FAR! [12:22 AM] THREE CITIES OPEN, STILL SOLVING PUZZLES. SATURDAY [10:17 AM] Woke up at 10 am to continue puzzling. Lots of cities open. Continuing to solve and have fun. SUNDAY [12:42 AM] The coin was found by The Evil Midnight Bombers What Bomb at Midnight at 12:31am Sunday in a refridgerator in the basement of E18. HQ will be staying open for at least several hours so teams can continue to call in answers and meet with us. If youre having fun, we invite you to keep solving. An announcement about wrapup will appear shortly. S.P.I.E.S. Headquarters Post Tagged #Mystery Hunt

Robotic Surgery The Handle Complex Tasks In Dangerous Environments - 2750 Words

Robotic Surgery: The Need To Handle Complex Tasks In Dangerous And Unhealthy Environments (Research Paper Sample) Content: Robotic Surgery Name Institution Robotic Surgery The growth of robotic surgery was fuelled by the need to perform minimally invasive surgeries. The term telerobotic surgery originates from telepresence which a description of the sensation that a person is at two places at the same time (Soper et al., 2015). The need to handle complex tasks in dangerous and unhealthy environments fuelled robotics. In the 1940's, robotic arms were developed inspired by Robert Heilein’s scientific fiction novel. The mechanical glove assisted Waldo harness items by moving his arms and fingers. The arm was later improved by Raymond Goertz and used to handle radioactive material during research. However, significant progress in robotics and telepresence was achieved in 1982 owning to advancements in computing and electronics. In 1987, Dr. Philipe Mouret conducted the first minimally invasive laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery using robotics. The emergence of charge coupled devices necessary for digital imaging made the surgery possible (Wall, Chandra and Krummel, 2013). Thereafter, application of technology into laparoscopic procedures continued to gain traction in the medical field. However, the technology was only applicable to simple procedures such as tissue removal and closure. Advances were made in developing staplers and other devices for tissue closure but still were relatively less sophisticated. Robotics was still underdeveloped at this level. The technology used was semi- autonomous and required the presence of surgeons for direction. Medics recognized the dire need to have autonomous robots conduct complex and computerized minimally invasive surgeries. In 1983, Arthrobot conducted the first documented robot aided surgery in Canada (Graur et al., 2016). The robot assisted in carrying orthopedic procedures. In later years, the Programmable Universal machine for Assembly (PUMA), and the Surgeon Assistant Robot for Prostatectomy (SARP) conducted a transurethral resection of the prostrate. Advancements in prostatectomy led to the development of prostrate robots, urology robots and a programmable urology device. In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of The USA approved the use of Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) for use in surgery. Developed by a research grant from The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a surgeon operated AESOP was used to control camera movements during surgery (Spinoglio et al., 2016). In later advancements, a laparoscopic robotic arm was incorporated into AESOP. Initially, AESOP was operated using hand and foot controls, however, in later years, AESOP takes voice commands. Surgeons attach AESOP to the side of surgical tables and use it to hold any rigid laparoscopic devices. The year 2001 saw the introduction of ZEUS Robotic Surgical System (ZRSS). The development allowed surgeons remotely operate a robotic device docked to a patient. The voice controlled ZRSS holds a camera, and has two arms (Soper et al., 2015). The independent attachment of ZRSS on the surgery table allowed free movement and could hold several tele-manipulated instruments using joysticks. In the ZRSS, the computer monitored the 3-D positioning of the camera. Before this, the surgeon used handles to operate the laparoscopic devices. The advanced ZRSS used a computer to synchronize the movement of arms. More recent versions of the ZRSS make use of more ergonomic modules between the robots and the surgeon. As such, the ZRSS allows the surgeon comfortably sit in front of the monitor while the system articulates the surgical instruments. The computer reduces incidences of hand tremors thereby precisely scaling the surgeon’s hand movements (Taylor et al., 2016). The 3-D camera of ZRSS allows the surgeon observe operation on two separate screens as the surgeon voice operates the robotic arm. The two cameras focus on the operative field with each one broadcasting at a rate of thirty frames per second. The frames are then combined by a computer making the rate of broadcast per second at sixty. Broadcasting is interchanged between the left and right camera with a matrix in the monitor further alternating them between a clockwise and anticlockwise filter to match the images (Hussein et al., 2014). The surgeon wears 3-D glasses to view the monitor. The ZRSS performed a complete fallopian tube anastomosis laparoscopic procedure in 1998. Further, through telepresence, the ZRSS performed a robot aided cholecystectomy in France while the surgeon in charge was in New York in 2001. More recently, with developments in robotics, engineers have developed the Da Vinci Surgical System. The Da Vinci consists of a 3-D imaging system, a hands interface and robotic arms. The system provides the surgeon with an ergonomic seat where the surgeon can relax whist his hands placed in a console interface (Hoeckelmann et al., 2015). The main arm of the robot holds the camera, and surgical equipments. The arm then moves around freely at defined degrees allowing for a smooth articulation of instruments. The computer monitors the movement of the arms edge to allow for precision. Further, as the surgical instruments are reusable, the robot notes the number of times an instrument is reused and ceases to use it on reaching the reuse limit. Some shortcomings associated with the use of Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery ended with the development of Da Vinci Single-Site platform in 2011. Such include the parallel positioning of surgical instruments which creates a conflict between the robots arms and the surgeon’s hands (Spinoglio et al., 2015). The Da Vinci Single Site Platform also solved poor triangulation resulting to limited surgical exposure. Good surgical exposure is essential as it facilitates fine and precise laparoscopic surgery management. The single site is made of silicone and thus flexible enabling insertion into a patient’s abdomen efficiently. Further, triangulation is easier as the target arrow accurately positions the port thereby achieving a clear surgical field. The Fire-Fly imaging system incorporated in the Da Vinci system emits laser lights in real time hence allowing for florescence-led surgery. Further, the development of the EndoWrist One device has allowed sealing of single use surgery equipments (Diana, 2015). The EndoWrist device also comes with a sealer that facilitates efficient closure of incisions. The Advanced Robotic Ultrasound Technology (ART) allows real time 3-D imaging using a portable digital video interface. Hence, a surgeon can view the operative field from two more perspectives. There are many differences between robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Notably, robotic surgery has introduced hitherto unprecedented advancements. Such include telerobotic surgery, telepresence and telementoring. Telerobotic surgery refers to a surgeon’s ability to operate on patients from remote geographical areas (Graur et al., 2016). Through a camera platform, a telerobot operates surgical instruments on a surgeon’s instructions. The telerobot replicates a surgeon’s simulated hand movements using 3-D imaging to conduct complex laparoscopic operations while sited in a different location. Such was as in the case in the French operation of 2001. Telepresence on the other hand allows a surgeon operate on a patient while the images are projected on a virtual monitor. The surgeon simulates hand movements and the same are telecast to the robots arm for mimicking. As such, the surgeon operates on a patient without necessarily meeting them face to face (Wall, Chandra and Krummel, 2013). Telepresence was developed to facilitate surgeons to operate on injured soldiers at the battle field. As most soldiers die before reaching a medical service provider, telepresence was necessary to immediately treat soldiers without exposing surgeons to danger. In this case, wounded soldiers are placed in vehicles fitted with telepresence and telerobotic devices (Hussein et al., 2014). 3-D images of the soldier are then projected to the surgeon who then undertakes the operation. Telepresence technology is suitable for conducting surgery in remote areas as well as in situations where skilled labor is short in supply With telementoring, an experienced surgeon or instructor can instruct students while in a remote location by creating a virtual classroom. Thus, the surgeon can demonstrate and conduct an operation devoid of physical presence. Teleconferencing spurred the development of telementoring owing to its cost effectiveness (Truong et al., 2016). Some notable recorded telementoring cases are such as in 1997 when Rosser performed laparoscopic colectomies through telementoring to novice surgeons. Telementoring can be used across hospitals to improve services as well as across universities to share knowledge. Before the robotics technology, telepresence, telementoring and robotic surgery were not possible through the traditional laparoscopic methods. As such, surgeons had to travel long distances to perform surgeries, expert surgeons had to attend classes to physically demonstrate operations while the use of robots was impossible (Truong et al., 2016). In laparoscopic surgery, surgeons have to make large incisions for surgery. Surgeons in this scenario make smaller incisions on the body where they can insert cameras and small surgical tools. The surgeon then has to manually operate the devices while conducting the procedure. Laparoscopic surgery utilizes two dimensional images and equipments that limit the surgeon’s movement. In contrast, robotic surgery also makes use of small incisions to facilitate insertion of small surgical instruments and the camera. However, in this case, the surgeon does not manually manipulate the camera and instruments but instead uses a computerized console to achieve this (Soper et al., 2015). The computerized console relays high quality and magnified thre...

To What Extent Is Alzheimer s Disease Hereditary

Abstract: This investigation studies the question: To what extent is Alzheimer’s disease hereditary? To come to a conclusion, seven pieces of research were analyzed regarding their implications on the genetic and environmental factors impacting the etiology of Alzheimer’s. Specifically, four genetic factors were evaluated: the influence of Beta Amyloid Plaques, alcohol dehydrogenase in relation to mitochondrial function, specific Loci, and a twin study to determine relative heritability. The results of these studies indicate a high degree of heritability and genetic factors in Alzheimer’s disease with recognition, to a certain extent, of the relative influence of environmental factors. Thus, the impact of environmental factors was also explored. The influence of epigenetic factors, physical activity, and environmental enrichment were evaluated through analysis of correlational studies and a lab experiment. The results of this research generally indicated that env ironmental factors can play a role as a preventative measure of developing the disease. There is suggestion that the genetic risk of developing Alzheimer’s can be lessened through environmental enrichment or physical activity. However, the research lacks definitive evidence that environmental factors can completely diminish the heritability of the disease across populations. On the other hand, the investigation of the apolipoprotein genome, the identification of specific loci, the role of alcohol dehydrogenase

The Innocent Little Wild - Original Writing - 1092 Words

The innocent little human nervously fiddled with a piece of her long hair. She blushed until her face was bright scarlet. Scenting her arousal did things to him. The feelings her scent provoked were difficult to control. He craved the pleasure of tasting her. Once her honey was on his tongue, it only made him want more. It pleased him greatly to see her beautiful body writhing beneath him. To give a woman such intense pleasure, was the mark of a truly superior lover. She was lucky to be with him tonight. He slid a finger into her soft body, and immediately realized something was not right. She was extremely tight. He probed deeper. Gods of chaos, she was a virgin. He jerked back, and was out of the bed at something approximating the speed of light. Then he flew from the room, before he could be tempted further. He went to his throne room, hoping to get lost in the crowd. There were easily a hundred goblins in the room. Maliki stalked over to his throne. Instead of sitting, he walked into a dimly lit area behind his throne, and began to pace. Back and forth he walked, as he tried to get his head straight. Maliki could still taste the beautiful woman on his lips. It was distracting him greatly. All he could think of was running back to her. He shook his head as if to free himself from thoughts of her pale face. Of all the bad luck to befall him, why did it have to be this? The Goblins were precluded by their centuries old treaties with the humans,Show MoreRelatedMacbeth by Shakespeare and the Cinematic Interpretation by Roman Polanski1556 Words   |  7 Pagesof many movies and theatrical plays .One film interpretation was made by Roman Polanski in 1971,centuries after it was first performed in Elizabethan sixteenth century England .Therefor there is a great difference between this and the original ,as things have changed greatly over the many years . 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The more outlandishRead MoreTelling a true war story1989 Words   |  8 PagesOne day, he decided to invite me to the camp in which he was situated in, alongside the other soldiers from his platoon. I arrived there by a helicopter with the daily shipment of sup plies for the soldiers. I was instantaneously referred to as the innocent blond with â€Å"white culottes and this s*xy pink sweater.† And yes it is true; Fossie guiding me around Vietnam all the time by the arm. But as time goes on, I slowly become curious about the war and how I carried myself. I become adapted to life inRead MoreChildren of Men by P.D. James1426 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish novelist of all times, and unquestionably, the greatest mystery writer alive. She is often compared to Agatha Christy because of her mastery to accomplice suspense and to make the reader addictive to her stories, but the fact is that her writing goes higher than that. She has said that her influences include Jane Austen, Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh. Her first novel Cover her face became an unexpected success and her reputation rose instantly. Today, every book she publishes with her name

Biblical Gender Roles Of The Family And Church - 775 Words

Wyatt Horne Apologetics Mr. Garris 9 February 2015 Biblical Gender Roles The question of gender roles, specifically in the family and church, often come up in modern day society. Who should have leadership in the home? Who should lead in the church? Egalitarians hold the belief that men and women should have the same roles and are equal in their abilities and obligations, which is the widely held belief of the feminist movement. On the other hand, complementarians hold the belief that there should be different gender roles held in the church and in the family. God created specific gender roles for men and women to distinguish them from one another. Men and women differ in their roles because God created man first: â€Å"Then the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground and breathed the breath of life, and the man became a living creature.†/And the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to man† (Genesis 2:7, 22). There is extreme significance in the fact that man was creat ed before woman. During the time period that Genesis was written, the firstborn child had certain authority over the succeeding children (give examples), just like that of Adam and Eve:), â€Å"For Adam was formed first, then Eve† (1 Timothy 2:13). God formed Adam to be the leader of the two in the garden. God has created man to be accountable for his wife. â€Å"But the LORD God called to the man and said to him, ‘Where are you?’...‘Who told you that you were naked?Show MoreRelatedSusan T. Foh s The Christian Faith865 Words   |  4 Pagesin function with male headship in the home and in the Church. This view of gender roles is drawn from Biblical interpretations and emphasizes the equality as well as the valuable dissimilarities of men and women. Susan T. Foh, a Christian author, has redefined the concept of complementarity in her own terms, coining the phrase ontologically equal, but functionally subordinate (Foh, 391). Her interpretation also comes di rectly from Biblical sources, but the meaning behind her careful phrasing doesRead MoreThe Rights of Women in the Middle Ages1154 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities, men are superior to women. Women’s rights have been a popular topic of conversation today. People all around the world are striving to bring equal rights to the genders. Gender equality is where men and women are represented equally. It doesnt mean that both genders are the same but rather the same value; thus both genders should be given equal treatment. In the fight for equal rights, many feminists have pointed to the Middle Ages as an example of where men are superior to women, and thatRead MoreThe Middle Ages Was A Great Era For Artists And They Produced Great Artistic Works That?1576 Words   |  7 Pagesmetalwork. The middle Ages was a great era for artists and they produced great artistic works that Society: The middle ages were like a system of hierarchy where different people fit into different levels and a pyramid based on their family, strength, or gender. At the top of the pyramid was the king. He was the most important person in medieval society and was protected by his men and knights. The king ruled over many lands and gave part of his land to Lords. Next on the pyramid were the KnightsRead MoreGender Roles793 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles Puritan and Early American society separated the male and women gender roles into two categories; men owned and undertook all the responsibilities while women were not allowed to posses anything leaving them with the job of keeping the household in order . Gender roles helped establish family structures due to the fact that families in the 1800’s were essentially the basis for all the institutions. For instants, institutions like the government, church, and the community relied on theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal988 Words   |  4 Pagesbut you can’t because you’re the same sex. For years this has been the struggle for many same sex couples. The same basic right to share your bond with your loved one for the rest of the world to see through paper and ring has been denied by law and church, until June of 2015. Some argue that they had the opportunity to combine in what is known as a civil union. But this type of marriage union only gives them legal protections as a couple but only on the state level. Which means no federal protectionsRead MoreBiblical And Contemporary Views Of Marriage And Family1618 Words   |  7 PagesBiblical and contemporary views of marriage and family Introduction In this postmodern society, it is not easy to establish a strong marriage and a strong family. One of the main reasons for this tendency is the changed view of marriage as a companionship grounded on individual s freedom and self-fulfillment rather than as a social institution designed to meet economic needs and provide a place for rearing children. However, as people tend to expect more personal freedom and fulfillment in theirRead MoreThe Role of the Holy Fool in the Context of Danish Cinema1580 Words   |  6 Pagesseparate sphere from â€Å"regular† fools due to their associations with Christ figures. Christian tradition speaks of many famous holy fools, from nameless monks who give up all of their worldly possessions to become closer to Jesus, to characters of Biblical renown, such as Saint Paul (Thomas 2009: 204). The depiction of a holy fool is undoubtedly influenced by the religious climate of a society. Traditionally, holy fools have been part of Roman Catholic and O rthodox faiths, where saints have traditionallyRead MoreThe Sociology Imagination : An Awareness Between Personal Experience1566 Words   |  7 Pagesculture, and how is my faith and culture reflected in my life? Sexuality is not often preached about from the pulpit on Sunday’s, and yet every single Church and religious organisation has a view on homosexuality and whether it is pleasing to God. The other day, I was asked what my view on homosexuality was, I said, â€Å"It is our job (the Church, and Christian’s) to love, and God’s is to judge.† Since this exchange, I have had a number of discussions with Christian’s on both sides of the debate, someRead MoreA Great Variety Of Gender Construction1568 Words   |  7 Pagesclass, we have seen a great variety of gender construction. Through centuries of gender divides, there have been women who created for themselves and that of their community new identities that not only grew local and worldwide attention, but have inspired historians for centuries. In the case of Malinche, she used her womanhood to secure her spot with Cortes, as he conquered and ruled over the Aztecs. Ursela de Jesus contributed to the Catholic church of her time, and made a new ideal for servantRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1670 Words   |  7 Pagesmonotheistic religions in the world, not only do these religions differ in spirituality, but the gender roles between males and females are quite different as well. In Islam, women are allowed to take on professions, in Christianity women were healed by Jesus and followers of Christ and in Judaism, women were looked to as spiritual leaders and housewives that made an extreme impact on their children. All roles were different among these women in these three religions, and they differ in so many more ways

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing Essay - 1571 Words

It was third grade that I discovered that I wasn’t white. Don’t get me wrong, I was aware that I was Asian. I had a different culture at home from my friends. They didn’t eat rice nearly as often as I did. They didn’t see chopsticks as just another utensil for the table, but as an exotic tool. They didn’t speak Chinese at home. But race was never something that mattered in elementary school. People weren t black, white, yellow. They were classmates, friends. That is, until Peter arrived. It was third grade when I began to see through the tinted lens of skin color. As I was the only other Asian boy in the grade, my teachers told me to become friends with the new Chinese kid, to help him. It’s funny, now some would classify that as a microaggression: let the Chinese kid play with another Asian kid. Why can’t the new kid just make his own friends? Regardless, I would spend part recess and after school with Peter, the new kid that was â€Å"weird† and had no friends. Looking back at my third grade self, I was horrible to Peter. The most honest way to say how I treated Peter, was that I was a bully - I wanted no part of anything Peter stood for. He was a FOB - â€Å"fresh off the boat†. He wore clothes that were â€Å"typical† of Asians: sweaters that with misspelled English on them and Asian cartoon characters. He smelled of Asian: of thick, greasy, Chinese takeout and air-dried knitted sweaters. He spoke English in a high pitched voice and a Chinese accent; he pronounced simple wordsShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. 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We end up talking for a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing974 Words   |  4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didn’t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. 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A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash

The Use Of Intravenous Urography Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Radiography scrutiny of urinary piece of land via endovenous injection of contrast media ( giving liquid substances straight into a vena ) .This construction became as a flow or urination.This flow did n’t demo a clear image in a general x-ray. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use Of Intravenous Urography Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although, with endovenous urography process, contrast media is injected into vena ( endovenous injection ) . Intravenous urography will finish information all about kidney disease, ureter and chafe bladder.This process consists of two phase.First, it needs good functional of kidney to filtrate dye comes out from blood to urine.Time that needed for dye to be on X ray is related with kidney function.Second stage gives anatomical image of urination piece of land. Between foremost proceedingss, the dye will give clear image of kidney, stage that called as nephrogram.The other image will follow dye that passes down to the ureter and saddle sore bladder.The last movie is taken after urine comes out will demo how the saddle sore vesica is emptied well.Intravenous urography by and large undergoes for valuate the abnormalcy construction or obstructor of the micturition piece of land. INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHY HELPS IN THE PROBLEMS Kdney rocks in the kidney ( a rock in kidney or ureter will be shown clearly on the x-ray movie ) , Urine infection ( if patient has infection at the vesica or kidney, endovenous urography helps to happen if patients has obstructor or unnatural kidney ) , haematuria / hemorrhage in piss ( it is caused by infections, annoyance and tumour in kidney.with endovenous urography, it can assist to happen the cause ) , obstructor or amendss at any portion at urination piece of land can be seen by endovenous urography. Contrast MEDIA High- osmolality contrast media ( HOCM ) or low-osmolality contrast media ( LOCM ) are acceptable but the undermentioned ‘high hazard ‘ groups should have LOCM such as babies and little kids and the aged, those with nephritic and / or cardiac failure, ill hydrated patients, patients with diabetes, myelomatosis or sickle-cell anemia, patients who have had a old terrible contrast medium reaction with LOCM or those with a strong allergic history. ADULTS DOSE 50 milliliter. PAEDIATRIC DOSE 1 ml kgE†°? . PATIENT PREPARATION No nutrient for 5 hours prior to the examination.The patient should non be overhydrated but should be usually hydrated.Dehydration is non necessary and does non better image quality.Patients should be, sooner, be ambulatory for 2 hr prior to the scrutiny to cut down intestine gas.The everyday disposal of bowel readying fails to better diagnostic quality of the scrutiny and its usage makes the scrutiny and its usage makes the scrutiny more unpleasant for the patient, others claim there is no grounds this is advantageous. The patient should avoid the heavy repast prior to the scrutiny to cut down the sum of intestine gas, and the vesica should be empty.If the scrutiny is to be performed on a patient who has antecedently had a terrible contrast medium reaction, consideration should be given to administrating methyl Pediapred 32 milligram orally 12 and 2 hr prior to injection of contrast medium inaddition to guaranting that a LOCM is used Preliminary radiogram should be taken to show possible calcifications, concretions or other abnormalcies in the venters to happen the place of the kidneys, and to look into the technique factors. Preparation BEFORE INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHY EXAMINATION The kidney should can be filter the contrast.For that, it is rare to make if the patient has unfunctional kidney.Before the process, the patient needs to undergoes blood trial to do certain the kidney is good function.The patient should inform the physician if there are any allergic reaction, prior to the contrast media likes iodine.The patient informed that do non devour any heavy repast certain hours before the procedure.This is to do certain, the patient ‘s colon is free from nutrients that can do the image became clear .The patient will be given laxatives ( dulcolax / heavy doses causes painful cramps ) before the procedure.the intent is to clean the intestine that can do the x-ray image more clear.The patient will besides be given the informed consent for patient understand about the procedure.If patient has diabetes and takes Glucophage, the patient should halt takes the pills for two yearss before the examination.This is caused by the combination of Glucophage and contrast media that maybe gives side effects to the kidney. AFTER THE PROCEDURE After the endovenous urography process, the physician will name the movies discourse how to do colony with the patient and family.As an illustration, the physician can non see both of the kidney x-ray image clearly after four hours, the patient should let them to see for the following process. There are many causes of the obstructors is kidney stones.the other causes are mass, tumour or malignant neoplastic disease at the tissue near the ureter.Sometimes, the hemorrhage in kidney can do blood coagulum that cause obstructor of micturition from gall vesica and ureter. See of this scrutiny, the physician will do two actions ; either waiting for yearss for the rocks pass out in urine or refer to the specializer of the Urology that maestro in micturition disease.If the endovenous urography shown the obstructor of big rock in the upper or in-between portion of ureter, the urologist possibly used lithotripter machine that send sound moving ridges to interrupt rocks to little atoms that can go through through the ureter easy and comes out from organic structure via piss. PRELIMINARY FILM Supine, full length AP of the venters, in inspiration.The lower boundary line of the cassette is at the degree of the symphysis pubic bone and x-ray beam is centred in the mid-line at the degree of the iliac crests. Technique The average antecubital vena is the preferable injection site because flow is retarded in the cephalic vena as it pierces the clavipectoral fascia.A 19-G is advanced up the vena to cut down the hazard of a perivenous injection and the injection is given quickly as a bolus to maximise the denseness of the nephrogram.Upper arm or shoulder hurting may be due to stasis of contrast medium in the vein.This is relieved by abduction of the arm. The patient is undress ( have oning infirmary gown ) and lying on the x-ray table.The contrast media is injected into venas or the arm.Ptient possibly feels pain.The contrast media is filtered via kidney and to ureter.The uninterrupted x-ray image is taken at the venters, normally every five proceedingss to ten proceedingss. Patient is lying on the x-ray tabular array when the x-ray image is taken but, the patient will teach to travel to the lavatory for micturution before the last x-ray image is taken.Although, a few x-ray image is taken for hours before the examinationin certain conditions.Patient can endorse place after the process is done.Patient can devour normal repast after the scrutiny. Movies IMMEDIATE FILM Anteroposterior ( AP ) renal areas.This movies is exposed 10-14 seconds after the injection ( arm-to-kidney clip ) .Its purposes to demo the nephrogram, as an illustration the nephritic parenchyma opacified by contrast mediain the nephritic tubules. 5-MINUTES FILM AP nephritic areas.This movie is taken to find if eliminations is symmetrical and is priceless for measuring the demand to modify technique, as an examplea farther injections of contrast media if there has been hapless initial opacification. A compaction set is now applied around the patient ‘s venters and the balloon positioned halfway between the anterior superior iliac spinal columns, as an illustration exactly over the ureters as they cross the pelvic brim.The purpose is to bring forth better pelvicalyceal distension.Compression is contraindicated after recent abdominal surgery, after nephritic injury, if there is a big abdominal mass and when the 5-minutes movie shows already distended calyces. 15-MINUTES FILM Ap of nephritic areas.There is normally equal distention of the pelvicalyceal systems with opaque piss by this time.Compression is releasd when satisfactory presentation of the pelvicalyceal systems has been achieved. RELEASE FILM Supine AP abdomen.This movie is taken to demo the whole urinary tract.If this movie is satisfactory, the patient is asked to empty their vesica. AFTER MICTURITION FILM Based on the clinical findings and the radiological findings on the earlier movies, this will be either a full-length abdominal movie or a coned position of the vesica with the tubing angled 15 A ; deg ; caudad and centred 5cm above the symphysis pubic bone. The chief value of this movie is to measure vesica voidance, to show a return to normal of dilated upper piece of lands with alleviation of vesica force per unit area, to help the diagnosing of vesica tumours, to corroborate ureterovesical junction concretion and, uncommonly, to show a urethral diverticulum in females. RISKS AND SIDE EFEECTS There are small opportunities to acquire malignant neoplastic disease from radiation exposure.Radiation dosage that effectual from this process this is 3msv, same like people who are got the radiation in one year.Contrast media that is used in endovenous urography can do to irritation reaction to patients, sometimes it need medical treatment.Pregnant adult female should inform physician or radiographer if they are pregnant. Small per centum of patient that got serious allergic reaction to contrast media, like unable to talk, breath or sup, swollen at lips and lingua, low blood force per unit area or faint.During the contrast media is injected, patient feels hot.This allergic reaction to contrast media is rare to happen.The effects is inflammation of the tegument, annoyance and conceited lips, The serious effects is hard in take a breathing and swoon cause of the low blood force per unit area. Decision Radiographer demand to hold a high grade of cognition, accomplishment, consciousness and involvement in this field so that they can carry through their day-to-day responsibilities efficaciously without seting patients life in danger.Contrast media is used in endovenous urography so that there are opaque or white countries at the kidney construction, ureter and vesica and this aid in better more clear x-ray image.Intavenous urography is an x-ray process that is used to name kidney jobs, ureter, vesica and urethra tract.This construction became it as micturition tract.The urination piece of land did n’t demo clear image in general x-ray image. Although, with endovenous uroraphy, contrast media is injected into the vien ( endovenous is the giving of liquid substances straight into a vena ) that focused at kidney and comes out through the ureter as urine.Contrast media will be opaque to the x-ray.So, the kidney, ureter and vesica will shown as white or opaque countries in x-ray image.X -ray image that green goods is known as endovenous urography. How to cite The Use Of Intravenous Urography Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Strategic HRM

Question: Discuss about theStrategic HRM. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the case study of a music company named Galaxy music. The case study is based on implementation of international human resource management on the operations of organization. The report basically describes about the challenges and problems a company faces during the international business. According to the case study, there is a company named Galaxy music which operates in various countries i.e. USA, UK and Germany with enormous freedom. Tom Black is newly appointed president of the company and he is trying hard to bring some changes within the company. Before doing changes in the company, he conducts a meeting with all senior managers of the company. The reason of changes is that the company is doing a decentralized, federated structured business with geographic territories. According to the president the company should expand its business internationally with the view of think global and act local (Saintilan et al, 2013). To operate in the international market, company has to face some major challenges such as staying responsive to local market, in which the company is working, control the foreign operations, coordination with foreign units, and focus on short term operations with a view of competitiveness in market (Fletcher Crawford, 2013). Galaxy music is trying to move in international market where each had a power to operate its business and make own business decisions in terms of who to record or tour, and which artist to support etc. Strength and Weakness of Centralization vs. Decentralization at Galaxy Centralized structure means one individual to make decision and provide direction to the company. This structure is used by the small businesses because there is one owner who is responsible for the operations of the business (Friedman, 2011). On the other hand, in decentralized business structure, there is more than one person who takes the decision of the company. There are different level in a business and every person take decision on the basis of his level in the organization. Both the structure is important for the organization. Centralized business has a particular mission, vision and objectives for managers and employees created by the business owner. In decentralized business, organization utilizes the manpower according to their expertise and knowledge for running the business. Managers in broad management team ensure to handle the various types of business operations and success of company (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2009). Galaxy Music Company is decentralized company. It has its branches in different countries such as USA, UK and Germany. Because of the decentralizations in company, the company has some strengths and weakness. The strengths and weakness of the company are described below: Strength: Galaxy Music company is decentralized and the plus point is that company allows more people to give use their skills and experience in decision making related to new projects and expansion in international market. Because of decentralization structure, there is no burden of responsibility on one manager for all operating activities (Hales, 2006). For example, there are different manager for the project of different countries. Katie Jamieson is the manager of US marketing and Philippe Collard is the managing director for Galaxy France. Both are looking of different projects for the company. In the company, the power is distributed among many persons. By the case study, it can be seen that newly appointed president is conducting a meeting regarding operational activities of the company to know the viewpoints of all managers. By knowing the viewpoints, President will be able to take those decisions which will be fruitful for the company. By the decentralized structure, company is trying to engage more people in decision making process. It will improve the belief of employees towards the company (Rao, Narayana, 2007). Weakness: In spite of benefits and strengths, there are some weaknesses due to decentralized structure in Galaxy Music Company. By the analysis of case study, it can be seen that there is a lack of uniformity of standards and policies among the managers of the company. The managers are not interested to participate in decision making process (Jackson Morgan, 2004). The example can be seen when the meeting was conducted. The president wanted to know about their views but some of the managers were busy in their phones. They were not listening properly what the president is saying. There is one more drawback because of decentralized structure that it is creating problems in coordination with the managers because the viewpoints of managers are different and all are corrects according to their perception. So, it will create lots of problem for president in taking right decision (Cistulli, 2002). The differentiation in the perception of managers can create conflicts among them. For example, president wanted to expand the business with local market but one of the managers did not agree with his point. He gave his argument that it is not possible to enter in different market with the local market. According to him, Galaxy Music Company is a local company and it will not be able for the company to take own decisions by entering in new world. In such case, all the authority is in the hand of lower level managers and the president will be left no authority. He cannot do changes according to his viewpoints. Things could Galaxy do to Ease the Tension Between International Office and Operating Companies Galaxy Music Company is local company operating its business with local opportunities, taste and local talent. Due to decentralized structure of the business, company is far away to achieve some business purpose. Managers are not ready to move internationally because they thought they are local business players. To reduce the problem between the international office and operating companies, Galaxy Music Company can adopt some strategic human resource plans. The president of the company also suggested thinking global and acting local. The company can adopt the People strategy process to reduce the tension. People strategy process will help the manager to understand the business model and capability of business (Paauwe, 2004). The steps which can be adopted by company are described below: The company should give a clear business model and strategy to win the market. It can be seen by the case that managers are not sure about the project of geographical companies because they dont have clear business strategy. They all are thinking about making money (Guest, Paauwe Wright, 2012) There should be clear and specified organizational business capabilities to operate the business strategy made by the company. In the case study, the marketing director of the company is handling a project in France. According to him, the project which the company is starting in France will not get success because there is no respect of such type of projects in France. This will be the wastage of money. If there would be clear strategy for the project and clear view of capability in business model, the manager will complete this project with positive view and surety (Jackson, 2004). The company should design a proper and appropriate HR practices for the managers. Proper HR practices will help managers to identify their capabilities to fulfill the projects. In the lack of proper HR practices, manager are not trying to do hard work. This is the reason that the company is far away from its target and there is tension between international office and geographical offices (Andresen Nowak, 2015). The president of the company should find right persons to operate in global market. Although one of the managers is against to hire new people. Company needs to focus on centrally authorized, policies and strategies plans to develop everything and everyone. Company can use 7-S model framework to develop the effective strategy (Michalski, 2011). Figure 1: 7-S framework (Source: Michalski, 2011) The model is called The McKinsey7-S Framework. It is designed to frame the proper and clear strategy for the business. The design policies fall into seven categories. The first is strategy which determines direction. Second category is system which determines process within organization. Third category is staff which refers to people, skill sets and mindset within the organization. Fourth category is style, which determines the leadership adopted by the organization. Fifth category in the model is skills that refer to proper skills of the employees and managers working for the company. Sixth category is structure which determines the way of structure of organization and the position of decision making power i.e. who reports to whom. And the last one is shared value which determines the core values of the company that shows the work culture and business ethics of the organization. This model can be helpful to identify the needs to improve the performance and to maintain the performance during the change. For performing well, company must follow this model. This model is helpful to identify the current situation and the future situation of the company and tries to fill the gap between these situations (Basu, 2004). Conclusion By the analysis of case study, it has been observed that Galaxy music company is a decentralized company and the decision making power is not in hand of higher authority. There are several managers for different projects there are different views on one decision. Along with this, there is a lack of coordination among the managers and result is that no one is serious for the issues raised by the president. By the above discussion, it has been analyzed that managers of the company need proper strategy planning and appropriate business model. By the proper strategy, they will be able to identify their capabilities regarding work. Company needs to make a proper framework for the managers and operations of the business. An effective framework of business strategy will push managers towards their goals and they will start thinking over money. In the McKinsey7-S Framework, seven catagories will help company to increase capability of the employees so that they start to think global and work local. References Saintilan, P., Cecillon, JF., Smellie, M., Cannon, R., (2013). Music Organisation Case studies. Retrieved on 10th Sept. 2016 from file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/950723_1132165658_TheInternationalMeetingCase.pdf Fletcher, R., Crawford, H., (2013). International Marketing: An Asia-Pacific Perspective. AU: Pearson Higher Education Friedman, F., (2011). Friedman's Practical Guide To Environmental Management (11th). West Academic Ferrell, O.C., Fraedrich, J., (2009). Business Ethics. USA: Cengage Learning Hales, C., (2006). Managing Through Organization. Singapore: Routedge Rao, V.S.P., Narayana, P.S., (2007), Organization theory and behavior (2nd). IND:Konark Jackson, J.H., Morgan, C.P., (2004). Organization theory: a macro perspective for management. USA: Prentice-Hall Cistulli, V.,(2002). Environment in Decentralized Development.UNR: Food Agriculture Org Paauwe, J,. (2004). HRM and Performance: Achieving Long-term Viability. NY: Oxford University Press Inc. Guest, D.E., Paauwe, J., Wright, P., (2012). HRM and Performance: Achievements and Challenges. US: John Wiley Sons Jackson, T., (2004). International HRM: A Cross-Cultural Approach. UK: SAGE Publications Andresen, M., Nowak, C., (2012). Human Resource Management Practices: Assessing Added Value. NY: Springer Michalski, A., (2011). The McKinsey 7-S Framework. GRIN Verlag Basu, R., (2004). Implementing Quality: A Practical Guide to Tools and Techniques. USA: Thmson Learning

Throughout history, Taoism has been one of the mos Essay Example For Students

Throughout history, Taoism has been one of the mos Essay t influentialreligions of Eastern culture. This is certainly one of the most uniqueof all religions. Many Taoists, in fact, do not even consider it areligion; and in many ways it is not. Taoists make no claim that theTao exists.1 That is what essentially separates Taoism from the rest ofthe world religions: there is no heated debate or battle over Taoistdoctrine; there have been no crusades to spread the religion. The veryessence of Taoism is quite the opposite. Taoisms uniqueness andopen-endedness have allowed the religion to flourish almost undisturbedand unchanged for over two thousand years. The founder of Taoism was a man named Lao Tzu, who lived around theyear 604 B.C.E. According to Chinese legend, Lao Tzu was an archivistin the imperial library at Lo Yang was known for his knowledge, althoughhe never taught.2 When Lao Tzu left his position at the library, hewent to the Chinese province of Chou. At the border, however, he wasstopped and forced to write down his teachings. During this time, hewrote the Tao Te Ching, the major scripture of Taoism.3After Lao Tzus death, a man named Yang Chu (440-366 B.C.E.) took uphis teachings.4 A naturalist and philosopher, Yang Chu believed highlyin self-regard and survival as the core of human nature and direction. His ideals were personal integrity and self-protection, and said that hewas unwilling to pluck one hair from his head even if all humanity wereto benefit from it.5The next influential Taoist philosopher was Chang Tzu, who lived from350-275 B.C.E. He defined existence using Lao Tzus teachings.6 Hewrote fifty-two books in response to the Tao Te Ching, thirty-three ofwhich still survive today.7 Using exaggeration and fantasy, heillustrated Lao Tzus teachings and how the Tao acted in nature. Histheories spoke of a cosmic unity which encompasses all reality andguides it naturally, without force, to its proper end.8The Yin and Yang theory became part of Taoist philosophy around 300B.C.E. when they were mentioned in the Hsi tzu, an appendix to the IChing.9 Yin and Yang are defined as the two forces in nature. They areoften called the two breaths or chi.10 Yin is the feminineprinciple, representing darkness, coolness, and dampness; Yang is themasculine principle, representing brightness, war mth, and dryness.11 Neither principle is good or bad; they are not opposites, but each isneeded to maintain stability in the universe.12 This belief holds thateverything is defined through opposition; consequently, the virtues ofbalance and understanding are highly valued.13Taoism became an official religion between 100 and 200 C.E.14 Due tocompetition from Buddhism, Taoists adopted many Buddhist beliefs. During this pivotal point in the religions history, searching forself-knowledge and wisdom were replaced by searching for solutions tosorrows and other physical problems.15 Alchemy and superstition becamehighly popular during this period of time, as Taoists tried to escapereality rather than to control the artificial and unnatural. ManyTaoists used magic and the concept of Tao to try to extend the physicallife rather than to focus on the afterlife.16 Gradually the religionbecomes more complicated, with a wide pantheon of gods and a rulinghierarchy.17The leader Chang Ling took the t itle Heavenly Teacher in 200 C.E. Hecreated a dynasty of high priests who manipulated Taoism to support asuperstitious doctrine of magic and mysticism.18 Seizing higher poweras a religious leader, he pioneered a merging of Taoism andZoroastrianism into a system called Five Bushels of Rice Taoism. Eventually this developed into a society based on Mazdaism, aZoroastrian sect, where every believer was charged five bushels ofrice.19 Although the believers followed the basic Zoroastrian worshipformat, they worshipped different gods: the Tao instead of Ahura-Mazda,and the various Chinese folk gods in place of the Persian Angels.20Three hundred years later, the philosopher Honen moved away fromMazdaism and combined Taoism with Buddhism. This simplified religion hecreated became known as the Pure Land School, or Amidaism. Gradually,however, Taoism again became tied to magic, and it failed as areligion.21 Today, only its original philosophies survive and there arevery few followers of Taoism , mostly found in Taiwan.22 AlthoughTaoisms religious practices deteriorated with advancing Westerninfluence, its philosophical aspects have outlasted those ofConfucianism and Zen Buddhism.23For centuries, Taoism has been known as the Way of Harmony.24 This isbecause Taoists believe that the Tao leads all nature toward a naturalbalance. The Tao, however, is not considered to be a deity or a ruler:it may reign but it does not rule.25 This is reflected in seven basicstatements.26 The first states that the Tao is nature. This means thatthe Tao is the way of everything, the movement of everything in nature,and all existence. The second statement is that the Tao is knowledge,meaning that the Tao is the utmost form of understanding and wisdom andthat to understand it means to understand all. The third statement saysthat the Tao is Goodness. This indicates that the Tao is the pathtoward virtue, and the highest virtue of these is conforming to theTao. The fourth statement is that the Tao is imminent. This means thatthe Tao is the source of all reality and that the Tao is inseparable. The fifth statement tells that the Tao is being, or the process ofbecoming, which characterizes reality. The sixth holds that the Tao isfelt in passiveness, not in activity. The final statement asserts thatthe Tao is individual and unique for every person. Therefore, no personcan truly know the Tao outside themselves. As the Tao Te Ching states:The ways that can be walked are not the eternal way. Nuclear Holocaust EssayTaoism is in itself a very difficult religion to define. Little isknown of its founder or its origins, and it has no clear doctrine ormethod of worship.45 The whole concept of Tao is extremely abstract andtherefore cannot be fully explained, only understood. The religion mayhold a completely different meaning for each personit may be a form ofphilosophy, religion, or magic.46 The religion has guided countlessindividuals through life and toward union with the Tao. As it hasinfluenced the past through its writings, Taoism may influence the worldfor generations more with its wisdom. Bibliography1.Bettencourt, Jerome: Comparative World Religions: Notes. Oxnard: Fall Semester 1994-95. 2.Durrell, Lawrence: A Smile in the Minds Eye. New York: UniverseBooks,1982. 3.Goetz, Philip (Ed.): Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th Edition, Vol. 28. Taoism. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1991. 4.Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching. New York: Bantam Books, 1990. 5.Pastva, Loretta: Great Religions of the World. Winona, Minnesota:SaintMarys Press, 1986. 6.Smullyan, Raymond: The Tao Is Silent. San Francisco: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1977. 7.Watts, Alan: Tao: The Watercourse Way. New York: Pantheon Books,1975. Endnotes1 Alan Watts, Tao: The Watercourse Way (New York: Pantheon Books,1975), p. 5. 2 Jerome Bettencourt, Comparative World Religions: Notes (Oxnard: FallSemester 1994-95). 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. 9 Philip Goetz, Ed., Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th Edition, Vol. 28:Taoism (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1991), p. 39910 Ibid., p. 39811 Bettencourt. 12 Goetz, p. 398. 13 Bettencourt. 14 Ibid. 15 Loretta Pastva, Great Religions of the World (Winona, Minnesota:Saint Marys Press, 1986), p. 117. 16 Ibid. 17 Bettencourt. 18 Ibid. 19 Ibid. 20 Ibid. 21 Ibid. 22 Goetz, p. 40723 Bettencourt. 24 Ibid. 25 Alan Watts, Tao: The Watercourse Way (New York: Pantheon Books,1975), p. 51. 26 Bettencourt.727 Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching (San Francisco: HarperCollins Publishers,1977), p. 59. 28 Watts, p. 51. 29 Bettencourt. 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid. 32 Ibid. 33 Lawrence Durrell, A Smile in the Minds Eye (New York: UniverseBooks, 1982), p. 18. 34 Pastva, p. 117. 35 Durrell, p. 19. 36 Pastva, p. 117. 37 Ibid. 38 Goetz, p. 399. 39 Ibid. 40 Ibid. 41 Ibid., p. 404. 42 Ibid. 43 Pastva, p. 11544 Ibid. 45 Ibid. 46 Ibid.

The extent to which the principles of Scientific management are still relevant to modern organizations Essay Example

The extent to which the principles of Scientific management are still relevant to modern organizations Paper At the beginning of the Second World War, Taylorism disappeared and was replaced with another form of work organization: Fordism. Fordism appeared when Ford started producing Model T cars but by basing his production upon Taylorist lines. Scientific management was still used; there was an explicit distinction between management and workforce, each employee had a specific task to do and their task was timed. Fordism seems more closely attached to the production system of modern organizations than Taylorism does, since it includes Taylors ideas but by also introducing new ones, and this is why this essay will be centred on the link between Fordism and todays production system: Toyotism. At the end of the 1980s, Fordism, which had been at the base of economic growth in the country for thirty years, fades away. Changes in demand, rise in the workers strikes the organizations must react and readapt themselves, also in order to face the rise in foreign competition. The Japanese model of organization used since the end of the Second World War, Toyotism, was then adapted in Europe and the USA during the 1980s. But what can we say about this post-fordism twenty years later? The worker, who now sees his work as more interesting, where he has more responsibility and importance, is he now liberated from his constraints? Havent things changed, especially in the tertiary, which had been kept out of scientific management for so many years? And finally, wouldnt it be more specific to talk about neo-fordism rather than Toyotism? We will write a custom essay sample on The extent to which the principles of Scientific management are still relevant to modern organizations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The extent to which the principles of Scientific management are still relevant to modern organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The extent to which the principles of Scientific management are still relevant to modern organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We shall see that scientific management is still relevant to modern organizations in a first part, and then shall see that this isnt completely true anymore. In modern organizations, hierarchy is still present. It will probably always be like this, somebody needs to be in charge or else there would be too many conflicts. Hierarchy is one of the three most important points of scientific management, along with the specialisation of the workers task and the timing of this task so as to impose a cadence. What Taylor wanted to show was that the old way of organizing work in the 19th century was too slow, there were too many gaps in the production process and that this led to a very low productivity. Taylor wanted a separation of planning from execution, and this is still the way that it works in the time of Toyotism. Every organization has a manager who will plan the work, see the objectives of the product or service, and then leave it to the workers to fulfil the concept. Nowadays, the hierarchy doesnt only stand out through the fact that there is a manager and that there are workers, but also with sub-divisions. In organizations we now find a managing director general, a manager, a sub-manager, foremen and so on. These all have different tasks, from planning to execution, so this shows that Taylors idea is still used nowadays. Leadership is therefore still present nowadays but it seems to be going through some changes. Alvin Gouldner, in Studies in Leadership, said that traditional authority does not command the respect and ready obedience that it once did. To achieve this obedience it seems like leadership is the step to take. Fred Fielder made a theory on how to be a successful leader. He based it on three interrelated factors: leader-member relationships, task structure and power of the position. The higher these three factors are the better leader you are (Horn: The development of modern management). It seems as if they are taking Taylors idea about hierarchy and developing it. Taylor had realised that to improve the productivity of an organization he had to time the tasks and make sure that they were done in the fastest time possible. This way every worker would produce more of a product per day and the profitability of the organization would also increase. This led to difficulties in the workers lives; they would feel stress and this wouldnt be good for them neither mentally nor physically. This was one of the reasons for the Fordism crisis in the 1980s, the workers contestations led to strikes and managers saw that it was time to change the production system. What the workers were timed by during Fordism was the work chain, parts and pieces would pass on a rolling carpet in front of them and they would have to assemble them so as to be passed on to the next worker. Today the work chain still exists for it has proven to work well although the workers dont benefit from it. In the fordist system organizations didnt wait for the demand for them to produce, because they knew that the demand existed. Organizations produced in vast quantities and stocked the products before they were sold. They therefore needed stocking space, people to look after them, and all of these made supplementary production costs. Nowadays, organizations wait for the demand before they produce. It is for this reason that, for example, if we are buying a car we have to wait a while before we actually receive it. There are no stocks, no papers, and these organizations also want there to be no delays. There is also a research of quality, and all of these factors impose a rhythm on the workers that they must respect, so it comes back to the same timed conditions that there were in Fordism and Taylorism. In both the taylorist and the fordist systems, the worker wasnt qualified, he had one task to do and was taught how to perform this task. This also led to conflicts; the worker felt that he was dispossessed of his knowledge and skills so with the new production system the workers became qualified. They learnt about different working posts, they could move around so as to feel more responsible. But through mechanization and the upgrading of computer systems the worker once again feels dispossessed of his knowledge and skills. Machines start replacing men, all that the worker has to do is to program the machine and it will do the rest. The workers feel that it isnt even worth having the qualifications anymore since they can be trained within a few hours. It isnt only industrial workers that feel this way, but it is also starting to affect the workers in the tertiary sector. In 1974, Harry Braverman wrote a book entitled Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century, which later became known as the Braverman thesis. This is now referred to as the McDonaldization thesis, showing the deskilling of work in fast-foods (Huczynski and Buchanan: Organizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text). The work in fast-foods is standardised, they produce the same hamburgers over and over again, so the work is also very repetitive. The employees are trained within a few hours, and the start at their work post. This reminds us a lot about Taylorism and Fordism; you have one work post and you stay at it. Either you fry the meat, warm the bread or serve the customers. There are other examples in the tertiary, such as the new information technology in banks, which simplifies the work of the workers. In the end they just have to write down some numbers in their computer and it will give them their answer. Cadences also exist in other areas of the tertiary, for example room cleaners in hotels who only have a certain amount of time per room. In Taylorism the motivation used for the workers was a system of economic rewards. These rewards were attributed to a worker when they saw that he was working hard, for example by beating the cadences imposed on him. Today salaries are a lot more individualised, but systems of economic rewards still exist. They are called raises, and they are achieved the same way that they were almost a century ago. It here seems as if we can rather talk about neo-fordism rather than Toyotism or Japanization, but there are other aspects that show that nowadays we use a completely different production system. Under other aspects, we can see that Toyotism is a new production system and that there are differences between it and both Fordism and scientific management. These differences are mainly to do with the workers tasks which expand, the new bottom-up style of working and the new remuneration system. Oliver Sheldon said that there may be a science of costing, of planning, of manufacturing, of dispatching, but there can be no science of cooperation (H. Pollard: Development in management thought), or in other words that in order to make things run smoother on the workers side there were changes to be made. He said this in the 1920s and it wasnt until sixty years later that these changes were made. These changes included task rotation, where the worker would occupy several different posts in order to break the monotony of his work, to make him feel more responsible and to allow him to get a more complete vision of the production process. So as to help the workers cope with their new work tasks the organizations set up education and training for them which once again also allows the workers to feel more important (Noon and Blyton in Organizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text). The work expands to more interesting aspects such as the upgrading of the machinery and the control of the quality. During Taylorism and Fordism the organization was what was called top-down, the orders came from the manager and the worker would have to do with it without having his say. Today this has changed, it is now considered as a bottom-up way of organizing the production. This means that the worker can give his ideas, and he is encouraged to do this through the installation of teams that work together. They have an objective to fulfil but they organise their own work. There is less hierarchical control and the group is responsible for its production. Quality circles are also put into place where groups of volunteers discuss problems and suggestions or solutions. Individual or collective rewards are given out if a suggestion is applied with success. The nature of the organization changed with post-fordism. There were changes in demand, the people now are after different products rather than standardised ones, with a research of quality, and organizations also must look out for foreign competition. During the time of Fordism, the companies tried to compete with each other through the price of their products; nowadays the price isnt the only competition between them, there is also the aspect of quality which is now very important. During Fordism, as soon as there was a fluctuation in the salaries it was generalised, there would be a collective rise in wages. With the passage into post-fordism, the salaries became much more individualised with the return of rewards as in Taylorism, but now not only for good work but also for good suggestions. Toyotism is seen as a new form of work organization, but in relation to Fordism, Taylorism and scientific management, some things havent changed, and this is not always for the best. We can say that post-fordism is fordism which has been humanised in social relations, it allows the worker to participate in the improvement of the production through the quality circles, and gives him more liberty in his work. On the other hand, hierarchy is still present, the working conditions are still poor in some cases, some workers still have very repetitive work and all of this leads to stress and to poorly physical conditions. Toyotism can therefore be described as a sort of neo-fordism as opposed to post-fordism since some of the aspects remain present.

6 Phone Interview Mistakes That Will Cost You the Job

6 Phone Interview Mistakes That Will Cost You the Job Phone interviews can be downright tricky. Whether you’ve had one before and it didn’t go well, or you’re just a worrywart by nature, here are 6 of the most common mistakes and how you can avoid them. 1. You’re obviously distractedYour interviewer can tell if you’re typing or scrolling through Facebook while you chat. Your interviewer can also hear whatever noise is going on around you. Find a quiet place with a reliable phone connection and then focus on the interview. If you get a phone call out of the blue, it’s okay- preferable even- to tell the interviewer that you’re not in an ideal place to talk and to reschedule.2. You’re not aware of who’s interviewing youYou have to know who you’re talking to and why. If you’re just having a quick chat with HR to verify your resume bullet points and contact information, it’s not the time to launch into your spiel for how you’ll singlehandedly save the company. And if you’re expecting that kind of call, but get your would-be boss or hiring manager instead, you need to be prepared. Make sure you know what to expect, to allow enough time and preparation.3. You’re not preparedThis is no different from a real interview in this respect. You need to do your homework. That means preparing a stock list of responses to possible hard-hitting questions, and be ready to impress. The more you can learn about the who and why of your interview, the better you’ll be able to target your preparations. Do be ready to explain who you are, why you care about the company, and to list a few highlights and accomplishments from your resume that will show them you can make it rain.4. You’re ramblingGood communications skills are crucial in a phone interview. The way you present yourself verbally here is your only tool toward making a good impression. That means keeping your answers clear, concise, and on the topic. That means no ‘um’s or ‘like’s or losing your train of thought in the middle of a run-on sentence. Make notes to yourself, even bulleted lists, and refer to them as often as you need (without reading from them by rote). Your interviewer will never know!5. You’re coming across as lacklusterYou might think it would be hard to communicate your energy and enthusiasm on the phone, rather than in person. And that’s partly true. You’ll want to make an extra effort to be effusive. Make sure to smile- studies show it actually makes a palpable difference in the way your voice sounds over the phone. Same with making gestures. Remember, be upbeat! You want this job!6. You’re not showing how much you want itYou know how much you want this gig. And you’re the only one who can make your interviewer know it. A great way to do this, beyond your upbeat demeanor, is to have intelligent questions prepared that show your genuine interest in the company and how serious you are about getting this position. It’s not a faux pas to say explicitly how much you value the opportunity to interview and how interested you are in moving forward. Just make sure to follow-up with a sincere thank you note.If you make sure to guard against the above mistakes, you’ll already be well placed to get the job, even over the phone.